Understanding Varicose Veins: An Overview
Varicose present as enlarged, twisted veins, typically on the legs and feet. These venous abnormalities are not only aesthetically displeasing but are indicative of underlying venous valve issues. With time, they tend to enlarge and become more swollen. The veins under the skin, which feed these visible varicosities, suffer from valve malfunction.
It’s a common condition, with one in three individuals encountering varicose veins during their lifetime. They present a spectrum of issues ranging from cosmetic concerns like unsightly thread veins to more severe manifestations like large painful varicose veins and even skin ulcers. The impact varies among individuals; some may shy away from wearing shorts, while others might experience bleeding and ulcers.
The mechanism of venous blood flow is regulated by tiny valves within the veins, ensuring a one-directional flow from your foot to your heart. However, valve failure disrupts this mechanism, causing blood to flow backwards and accumulate in the veins, resulting in swelling, enlargement, and the characteristic bulging appearance.
This condition, termed venous insufficiency, reflects a disruption in blood drainage through the affected veins, manifesting in several ways. Mild cases might see the emergence of spider veins, largely a cosmetic concern, associated at times with aching. More severe valve failure can cause common varicose veins, and in 1-2% of individuals aged 65 and over, it can lead to skin changes and ulcers.
Symptoms of Varicose Veins
Varicose often trigger a range of symptoms including swelling, itching, throbbing, restlessness, aching, burning, cramping, tiredness, and varicose eczema in the legs. In severe cases, they can bleed, especially among the elderly, and cause skin damage or ulceration which can be challenging to heal without appropriate treatment.
Patients often report a noticeable improvement in symptoms post-treatment, describing a rejuvenated feeling in their legs.
Why Address Varicose Veins?
Aesthetic Concerns: Varicose often lead to self-consciousness and hinders individuals from partaking in activities they enjoy. Treatment can significantly enhance the appearance of the legs, reinstating self-confidence.
Discomfort and Pain: Varicose can cause considerable discomfort, affecting one’s lifestyle. Treatments like Radio-frequency Ablation (RFA) can alleviate these symptoms swiftly.
Preventing Severe Complications: Addressing varicose veins timely can thwart severe skin damage and ulcers, common issues associated with this condition.
Causes
Varicose arise from high pressure in thin-walled veins designed for low pressure. Venous insufficiency, the underlying cause, may result from deep vein obstruction, muscle pump failure, or valve failure. Factors contributing to valve failure include inherited valve defects, hormonal changes, trauma, previous thrombosis, ageing, being overweight, or occupations requiring prolonged standing.
Diagnosing Varicose Veins
Accurate diagnosis of varicose necessitates a colour duplex ultrasound scan of your legs, conducted preferably by the healthcare professional who will administer your treatment, whether a consultant interventional radiologist, a vascular surgeon, or a specialist venous nurse practitioner.
Common Q&A about Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are enlarged, swollen, and twisted veins that usually appear blue or dark purple. They occur when faulty valves in the veins allow blood to flow in the wrong direction or pool, typically in the legs.
Varicose veins are caused by weakened or damaged vein valves. When the valves fail, blood can flow backward and pool in the veins, causing them to stretch and become varicose. Contributing factors include genetics, age, pregnancy, obesity, prolonged standing, and hormonal changes.
People at higher risk include those with a family history of varicose veins, older adults, pregnant women, individuals who are overweight, and those who stand or sit for long periods.
While varicose veins are usually not dangerous, they can cause discomfort, pain, or aching. In severe cases, they may lead to complications such as blood clots, skin ulcers, or chronic venous insufficiency.
Common symptoms include visible, bulging veins, aching or heavy legs, swelling in the legs or ankles, a burning or throbbing sensation, muscle cramps, and itchy or discolored skin near the affected veins.
While not all cases can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, avoiding long periods of standing or sitting, elevating your legs when resting, and wearing compression stockings if recommended by a doctor.
Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and compression stockings to medical procedures. Medical treatments include sclerotherapy (injecting a solution into the vein), laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and in severe cases, surgery such as vein stripping or phlebectomy.
Not always. If varicose veins do not cause pain or discomfort and are primarily a cosmetic concern, treatment may not be necessary. However, if symptoms worsen or complications arise, medical treatment might be needed.
Yes, varicose veins can return even after treatment. The success of treatment depends on factors like the method used and individual health. Maintaining healthy habits can reduce the likelihood of recurrence.
No, spider veins are smaller, red, purple, or blue veins that appear closer to the surface of the skin. They are typically less severe than varicose veins but can cause similar symptoms. Spider veins often form due to hormonal changes or extended pressure on the veins.