You are not alone if you have ever experienced sneezing, coughing, skin rashes, or digestive problems after eating certain foods or being exposed to certain allergens. Millions of people around the world suffer from allergies and sensitivities that can range from mild to severe. But how do you know exactly what triggers your allergic reactions or intolerances? This is where allergy and sensitivity testing comes in.
This blog article will explore what allergy and sensitivity testing involves, why it is important, and how it can help you understand and manage your symptoms. By the end of this article, you will better understand what to expect from allergy and sensitivity testing and how it can benefit your health and well-being.
What is involved in an allergy and sensitivity test?
Allergy and sensitivity testing is a diagnostic tool used to determine the cause of an individual’s allergic reactions. It involves exposing a person to a small amount of an allergen, such as pollen, food, or pet dander, to see if an allergic reaction occurs. The test is performed to identify the allergens responsible for causing the symptoms and can be used to develop a personalised treatment plan.
Types of allergy testing
There are several types of allergy and sensitivity testing available. Some of the common methods include skin tests, blood tests, and challenge tests.
Skin tests are the most commonly used form of allergy testing and are performed by adding a small amount of the suspected allergen to the skin and then pricking or scratching. If the person is allergic to the allergen, they will develop a raised, red, itchy bump at the site of the test.
Blood tests
Blood tests, such as the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), measure the levels of specific antibodies in the blood that are associated with an allergic reaction, and challenge tests involve administering a suspected allergen orally or through inhalation to see if an allergic reaction occurs.
Identifying seasonal and food allergies
Allergy and sensitivity testing can help identify a wide range of allergies, including seasonal, food, and pet allergies. Seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever, can be caused by pollen, mould, or dust mites.
Food allergies can be caused by ingredients such as nuts, dairy, eggs, or wheat, and pet allergies are caused by pet dander, saliva, and urine proteins. Allergy and sensitivity testing can also identify allergies to certain medications, insect bites, and stinging insects.
Benefits of allergy testing
- It helps identify the specific allergens or intolerances that are causing symptoms, such as foods you could be allergic to, like strawberries or perhaps an environmental trigger, such as a wasp sting
- Allows for targeted treatment and management, such as immunotherapy, to help reduce response to the identified allergen.
- Prevents unnecessary avoidance of certain foods or substances to limit dietary choices which could lead to future deficiencies
- Prevents potentially life-threatening allergic reactions
- Doctors can provide education on how to avoid certain allergens
Not all allergic reactions can be identified through testing. Non-allergic sensitivities to certain substances, such as fragrances, can cause symptoms but do not involve an immune response. These sensitivities can be managed through avoidance and lifestyle modifications, but they cannot be tested for in the same way as allergies.
Allergy and sensitivity testing is important in identifying and managing allergies and intolerances. With a better understanding of different testing methods and the benefits of testing, individuals can take control of their health and well-being and improve their quality of life.
If you suspect you may have allergies or sensitivities, talk to your healthcare provider about the appropriate testing methods and management strategies for your specific needs.
Common Q&A about Allergy and Sensitivity Testing
- Allergy is an immune system response to a substance (allergen) that the body mistakenly identifies as harmful. Symptoms can range from mild (sneezing, rash) to severe (anaphylaxis).
- Sensitivity (or intolerance) does not involve the immune system and typically results in digestive or other symptoms after exposure to a particular food or substance.
Common tests include:
Skin Prick Test (SPT): Small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin with a tiny needle prick.
Blood Tests (like RAST or ELISA): Measure specific IgE antibodies to various allergens.
Patch Tests: Used for contact allergies, where allergens are applied to the skin for 48 hours.
Symptoms can vary and include:
Sneezing, coughing, or a runny nose.
Skin reactions like rashes, itching, or hives.
Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
Swelling (commonly of the lips, eyes, or throat).
In severe cases, anaphylaxis, which is life-threatening.
Food sensitivity tests typically measure the body’s response to foods (e.g., via IgG antibodies) and may indicate an intolerance or sensitivity. These are different from allergy tests, which measure IgE responses associated with allergic reactions.
Allergies cannot be cured, but symptoms can be managed. Treatments include:
- Avoidance of allergens.
- Medications: Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine for severe cases.
- Immunotherapy (allergy shots or tablets): A long-term treatment to reduce sensitivity to allergens.
Home testing kits can offer some insights, but they may not be as reliable as tests conducted by a healthcare professional. It’s recommended to consult an allergist for a thorough and accurate diagnosis.
You should consider testing if you have:
- Frequent unexplained symptoms (such as sneezing, itching, rashes, or digestive issues).
- A suspected reaction to specific foods, substances, or environmental factors.
- A family history of allergies or asthma.
Yes, allergies can develop at any age, even in adulthood. New allergies to foods, pollen, or other substances can emerge due to changes in the immune system or environmental exposure.
During a skin prick test, small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin, usually on the forearm or back. The skin is then lightly pricked, and if you’re allergic, a small raised bump (like a mosquito bite) will appear within 15-20 minutes.
- Skin Prick Test: Results are usually visible within 15-20 minutes.
- Blood Test: It may take a few days to a week for results to come back.
- Patch Test: Results are evaluated over 48-72 hours.