Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT): Patient Information and Monitoring Schedule

Welcome to TRT at The Health Suite

You have been prescribed testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) to help restore your hormone balance, improve your symptoms, and support your well-being. This leaflet explains what TRT is, its potential benefits and risks, how and why we monitor your health, and what you can expect as your treatment progresses.

Benefits of TRT

When testosterone levels are low, TRT can help:

  • Increase energy and reduce fatigue

  • Improve mood and motivation

  • Enhance libido and sexual function

  • Support muscle mass and bone strength

  • Improve concentration and quality of life

Risks and Side Effects of TRT

As with any medical treatment, TRT has possible risks:

  • Raised red blood cell count (polycythaemia), which increases the risk of blood clots

  • Worsening of sleep apnoea

  • Swelling, acne, or oily skin

  • Breast tenderness or enlargement

  • Mood changes or irritability

  • Possible changes in cholesterol and liver function

  • Prostate Health:

    • Current evidence shows that TRT does not increase the risk of developing prostate cancer in men who do not already have the disease.

    • TRT may, however, speed up the growth of an existing, undiagnosed prostate cancer, which is why careful screening and ongoing PSA monitoring are essential.

    • All men on TRT require regular PSA blood tests and, if appropriate, prostate examinations.

  • Reduced fertility (TRT suppresses sperm production)

  • Rare risk of fluid retention or high blood pressure

“Testosterone therapy causes prostate cancer.”

TRT does not increase your risk of developing prostate cancer compared to men not on TRT. This is confirmed by large clinical studies and is supported by UK and international guidelines. Regular PSA testing and monitoring keep you safe.

How Dose Adjustment Works

Your TRT dose is tailored just for you and may need adjustment in the first few months.

  • Regular blood tests and symptom reviews help us find your ideal dose.

  • The aim is to reach and maintain testosterone levels within the mid-normal range for healthy adults, without causing side effects.

  • If your blood testosterone is too high or too low, or if you have side effects, your doctor may change your dose, the timing, or the type of TRT.

  • Your dose may also be adjusted if your blood count (haematocrit) or PSA rises.

TRT can only be prescribed or continued if you attend regular blood tests and monitoring appointments.

When Will I Notice the Effects?

  • Most men notice some improvement in symptoms (energy, mood, libido) within 3–6 weeks.

  • Changes in muscle mass, body composition, and bone strength may take 3–6 months or longer.

  • Full stabilisation of hormone levels and all benefits may take up to 6 months.

  • If you have not noticed improvement after 3–6 months, please discuss this with your clinician.

Time to effect varies with the type of TRT (gel, injection, etc.) and your individual health. Ongoing monitoring ensures you get the best results as safely as possible.

Why Monitoring is Essential

Regular blood tests and health checks are required to ensure TRT is both safe and effective.
TRT cannot be prescribed or continued without ongoing monitoring.

Monitoring helps to:

  • Check that testosterone levels are in the correct range

  • Detect side effects early, such as thickening of the blood or changes in the prostate

  • Monitor cholesterol, liver, kidney, and metabolic health

  • Ensure your treatment continues to be safe and tailored to you

We also monitor your blood pressure (BP) and weight because TRT may affect your cardiovascular health and body composition.

PanelWhen is it done?
What is checked?
Panel 1Before starting TRTTestosterone & Free T, SHBG, LH/FSH, Prolactin, PSA, FBC, U&E, LFT, HbA1c, Lipids, TSH/T4
Panel 2At 3 months and 6 monthsTestosterone, FBC, PSA, LFTs
Panel 3Every year (annual review)Testosterone, FBC, PSA, LFTs, Lipids, HbA1c

Additional Monitoring

  • Blood Pressure (BP): TRT may increase blood pressure, so regular checks help protect your heart and kidneys.

  • Weight: Monitoring helps assess your overall health and response to therapy; TRT can affect body composition.

  • Prostate Health: A Digital rectal exam (if appropriate) may be recommended to check your prostate.

Why is Monitoring Required for Ongoing Treatment?

  • TRT cannot be prescribed or continued without up-to-date blood tests and health checks.
  • This is to keep you safe, avoid complications, and ensure the treatment remains right for you.

What Happens if a Result is Out of Range?

  • Your doctor may adjust your TRT dose or how it is given

  • Additional tests or specialist referrals may be arranged

  • In some cases, treatment may be paused for further investigation

TestWhy is it important?
Testosterone & Free Testosterone 
Confirm diagnosis, monitor if treatment is working, avoid over- or under-treatment
SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin) 
Helps interpret testosterone levels and calculate “free” (active) testosterone
LH & FSH 
Differentiate between types of low testosterone (primary vs secondary hypogonadism)
Prolactin
Rule out pituitary gland problems that can cause low testosterone
PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) 
Checks for prostate disease or changes that might need specialist review
FBC (Full Blood Count) 
Detects anaemia or polycythaemia (raised red cell count—a risk with TRT)
U&E (Kidney Function) 
Ensures your kidneys are healthy and can process medications
LFT (Liver Function) 
Checks for safe metabolism of medication, monitors for side effects
HbA1c 
Assesses long-term blood sugar control and diabetes risk
Lipids (Cholesterol & Triglycerides) 
Monitors heart and metabolic health; TRT may affect cholesterol
TSH & T4 (Thyroid) 
Thyroid problems can affect symptoms and testosterone levels

Questions or Concerns?

If you have any questions about your results, side effects, dose adjustments, or the monitoring process, please contact The Health Suite team.

Remember:
Regular monitoring and good communication are the keys to safe, effective TRT. Please attend all blood test appointments and follow-up reviews.

The Health Suite – Your partner in men’s health and wellbeing.

References

  • Jayasena, C. et al. (2021) ‘Society for Endocrinology guidelines for testosterone replacement therapy in male hypogonadism’, Clinical Endocrinology, 95, pp. 1–20.
  • Hackett, G. et al. (2017) ‘British Society for Sexual Medicine Guidelines on Adult Testosterone Deficiency’, Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(12), pp. 1504–1523.